The Four types of Reinforcement - 666 Words

Everybody has been punished at least once in their life time and we all remember how that one small spanking, time out, or grounding seemed like it was the end of the world. What event caused the punishment, did that event ever occur again? Punishment is a type of reinforcement. The term reinforce means to strengthen, and in Psychology it is used to refer to any stimulus which strengthens the probability of a certain response. There are four types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Of those four types of reinforcement, punishment is the most effective type if given after an undesired response; it can also be used to teach one a lesson. It lowers the probability that a response will occur again. In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or its surroundings that occurs after a given behavior which minimizes the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. There are two types of punishment: positive punishment and negative punishment. Positive punishment is known as â€Å"punishment by application.† This form of punishment involves presenting an aversive stimulus after a behavior has occurred. For example, a puppy does not use the puppy pad and the owner scolds him for it. The second type of punishment, negative punishment, is known as the â€Å"punishment by removal.† Negative punishment involves taking away something that is dear to the punished. An example of this type of punishment is a parentShow MoreRelatedSkinners O perant Conditioning Theory Essay658 Words   |  3 Pagesconditioned to respond in a certain way, and learning takes place. Reinforcement is a vital element in Skinners Stimulus-Response Theory. A reinforcer is anything that strengthens a desired response, such as verbal praise, or a good grade. Skinners theory also covers negative reinforcers, and punishment that lead to the reduction of undesired responses. Further, attention is given to schedules of reinforcement used to establish and maintain behaviour. This topic will exploreRead MoreBehaviorism Theory On The Theory Of Behaviorism Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesstimulus which can be modified into continuous reinforcement, a fixed ratio schedule, a fixed interval schedule and variable schedules. This allows to shape the behavior of the individual to have a certain outcome. Behaviorism can be described as an assumption that a learner is passive meaning that it responds to its environmental stimuli. The behavior can be shaped by positive and negative reinforcement no matter of previous history. The reinforcement increases the possibility of a behavior to happenRead MoreThere Are Many Types Of Conditioning That People Used To1427 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many types of conditioning that people used to learn things. The first type of condition that we talk about in this paper is classical condition. The second type of conditioning is called operant conditioning. And the last type of conditioning is vicarious conditioning / Observational Learning. These are the 3 main types of conditioning that we use in are daily life. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one of the most basic forms of learning that we use today. You can see itRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harlow and Skinner Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pages(Macaca Mulatta). The reason for using this particular type is that they are easy to keep and breed in captivity; they also share 94% DNA to a human. After securing funding for a primate laboratory, Harlow started his work. However when cleaning the cages the infant monkeys would protest, Harlow then went on to find out whether the monkeys were on protest due to ‘contact comfort’. To test the idea of contact comfort Harlow constructed two types of surrogate mothers. One of the surrogate mothers wasRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagessituation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consisting of positive, negative, primary and secondary, punishments pertaining positive and negative and reinforcement schedules which includes ratio, interval, fixed and random schedules (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 93-96.). Skinner’s operant conditioning theory first revolves around reinforcers and reinforcements. Skinner according to Lefrancois (2012, p. 91), â€Å"defines a reinforcer as an event thatRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives That Define Social Psychology1727 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Social psychology is the study of the nature and causes of human social behavior. There are five main theoretical perspectives that define social psychology. Role, cognitive, symbolic interaction, evolutionary, and reinforcement theory are the five theoretical perspectives that help understand human social behavior. However, each theoretical perspective examines different approaches and play different roles in social psychology. Some of the theories that make up social psychology takeRead MoreEssay On Strengthening Reinforced Concrete1195 Words   |  5 Pagesconcrete layers of different ages. 2.2. General consideration on reinforced concrete column A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns. In practice, columns are always subjected to bending moments and axial compressive loads. Bending moments are introduced due to several factorsRead MoreOperant Conditioning And Continuous Reinforcement1427 Words   |  6 Pagesconditioning and continuous reinforcement throughout his classroom. Operant conditioning is the behavior in which voluntary behavior are strengthened or weakened by consequences, while continuous reinforcement deals with giving a reinforcer after every response. These reinforcers can be either positive or negative, strengthening or weakening the behavior that occurred. Positive reinforcements are there to increase the opportunity of a specific behavior reoccurring and negative reinforcement is stre ngtheningRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1212 Words   |  5 Pages actions that are followed by desirable outcomes are more likely to be repeated while those followed by undesirable outcomes are less likely to be repeated. Operant conditioning relies on a fairly simple premise - actions that are followed by reinforcement will be strengthened and more likely to occur again in the future. If you tell a funny story in class and everybody laughs, you will probably be more likely to tell that story again in the future. Conversely, actions that result in punishment orRead MoreSkinner Behavioral Analysis Summary972 Words   |  4 Pagesconditioning types: Classical Conditioning – Salivating in response to the smell of food Operant Conditioning - Having a job and going to work every day to receive a paycheck. Shaping - Because operant conditioning so complex it must first be shaped. This happens through a series of successive approximations in which the subject is rewarded for gross approximation of the desired behavior, then closer approximations and finally the actual desired behavior. (Feist, J. and Roberts pg. 456) Reinforcement – Skinner